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What health guarantees are, what they cover, and what to look for when buying a puppy.
A health guarantee is a written contract between a breeder and puppy buyer that outlines the breeder's commitment to the puppy's health and well-being. It typically covers genetic or congenital conditions that may not be apparent at the time of purchase.
Responsible breeders use health guarantees to demonstrate their confidence in their breeding practices. They invest in health testing, proper care, and ethical breeding to minimize the risk of genetic issues. A health guarantee protects both the buyer and the breeder by setting clear expectations.
Health guarantees are legally binding contracts. Some states have "puppy lemon laws" that require certain protections for buyers, but these vary. A written health guarantee provides clarity and recourse if issues arise.
Most health guarantees cover conditions that are genetic or congenital in nature—issues the puppy is born with or predisposed to due to genetics.
Different breeds are prone to specific conditions. For example, Bulldogs are susceptible to respiratory issues, Dachshunds to intervertebral disc disease, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels to mitral valve disease. A good breeder will test for and guarantee against conditions common to their breed.
Most health guarantees last 1–2 years, though some breeders offer lifetime guarantees for certain conditions. The duration reflects the time frame in which genetic issues typically become apparent.
A claim is typically triggered when a licensed veterinarian diagnoses a covered condition within the guarantee period. The buyer must provide documentation (vet records, diagnosis) and often a second opinion may be required.
Guarantees may offer a replacement puppy, a refund of the purchase price, or partial reimbursement for vet expenses. Some require returning the puppy (though many buyers are emotionally attached by this point), while others allow you to keep the puppy and receive a partial refund or replacement from a future litter.
Most guarantees require a vet exam within 48–72 hours of purchase to confirm the puppy's health and activate the guarantee. Failure to do so may void the guarantee.
If a condition is discovered, you typically have a limited time (often 24–72 hours) to notify the breeder. Late notification may void your claim.
Not all health issues are covered. Common exclusions include:
Broken bones, sprains, or injuries caused by accidents are not covered as they are not genetic or congenital.
Problems arising from improper diet, allergies, or feeding the wrong food are typically excluded.
Conditions like parvovirus or distemper, which can be prevented through vaccination, are not covered if the buyer failed to follow the vaccination schedule.
Health issues resulting from neglect, abuse, or failure to follow care instructions (e.g., excessive exercise in a growing large breed puppy) are excluded.
The Puppy Wag encourages all breeders to offer comprehensive health guarantees as a sign of responsible breeding practices.
We highlight breeders who provide written health guarantees in their profiles and listings. Buyers can filter for breeders offering guarantees, promoting transparency and trust.
Verified and Premium breeders on The Puppy Wag are more likely to offer robust health guarantees, as they've demonstrated their commitment to ethical practices through our verification process. Look for the verified or premium badge when browsing listings.
Keep copies of all paperwork: the purchase contract, health guarantee, vet records, receipts, and any correspondence with the breeder. This documentation is crucial if you need to file a claim or dispute.